ORIGINE DU NOM TRYPHON (DICTIONNAIRE BIBLIQUE)


(Du grec Truphôn = mou ; surnom masculain très répandu dans l’antiquité). 
Un Syrien dont le vrai nom était Diodote (signifiant : donné de Zeus) ; officier de l’aventurier Alexandre Balas (voir article).
À la mort de celui-ci, il profita de l’impopularité de Démétrius Nicator pour faire proclamer roi Antiochus fils de Balas, mais en se constituant son tuteur ; puis il tua Jonathan Macchabée et Antiochus pour devenir roi lui-même sous le nom de Tryphon (137 avant Jésus-Christ). Ses excès de toutes sortes, sa rapacité, poussèrent Simon Macchabée à chercher contre lui l’aide de Démétrius, qui entreprit une expédition continuée par son frère Antiochus Sidétès ; Tryphon, abandonné de ses propres troupes, assiégé à Dora, fut poursuivi à Orthosia (1 Macchabées 11-15). Il finit par se réfugier à Apamée où, d’après les uns, il aurait été tué sur l’ordre d’Antiochus ; il aurait, d’après d’autres, mis fin lui-même à ses jours (Flavius Josèphe, Antiquités judaïques, XIII, 7.2).

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